Basic overview of U.S. cotton
The United States is the world’s largest cotton exporter and the third largest cotton producer. U.S. cotton has good consistency, good maturity, is thicker, contains no sugar, is machine-picked, and has no third-grade silk. It is mainly grade three or above and is used in my country. Grade 3 and 4 American cotton are used to make low-count yarn. The main cotton-producing areas in the United States are concentrated in the southern states between 30 and 38 degrees north latitude.
14 states in the southern United States produce cotton. They belong to the 4 cotton regions of the West, Southwest, South-Central and Southeast. Due to different natural conditions, cotton yield and yield per unit area vary greatly:
(1) Western Cotton Region: California , Arizona, and New Mexico. This area is the production base of high-grade cotton in the United States. This region accounts for approximately 22% of total U.S. production, most of which is exported. Cotton in this area:
One type is the famous SJV/ACALA cotton in the United States. This is the best quality cotton in the United States. It grows in the San Nuoquin Canyon that runs through central California. The average length is generally higher than 28.5mm. , the strength is not less than 30GPT, the fineness is around 4.2, and the micronaire range is 3.5-5.0. The length uniformity is above 82%, and cotton of grade three or above accounts for 80%. It is the main cotton used by yarn mills to spin 30 or 40 count combed yarn.
There is also a type of non-“ACALA” variety of cotton planted in San Newquin Canyon. Other varieties that have not been confirmed after three years of trial planting. The price of this variety of cotton is cheaper than that of SJV and more expensive than that of other places. Currently, this variety is Cotton cultivation accounts for about 10% of the total output of the canyon.
The other type is C/A cotton, which is produced in the “DPL-90” variety of cotton grown in the California/Arizona area. It has a higher grade but is slightly lower than SJV cotton. The price ranks third and is generally Cotton of grade three or above accounts for 75%, and the average length is higher than 27.8mm. The biggest feature of this area is that it requires irrigation. The sowing time is from April to June every year, and the harvest time is from the end of September to the beginning of December every year.
(2) Southwest cotton region:
In Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas, cotton production accounts for about 24% of the total production, and nearly 30% of the cotton requires irrigation. This region is the main exporter of U.S. cotton, with more than half of the cotton exported. The cotton known as M/O/T in the international market is the cotton from this region. The quality of cotton is mainly medium and low grade, the average fiber length is less than 27mm, the micronaire range is 3.5-4.9 with an average of 4.2, and the strength range is 25-30GPT with an average of 28.2GPT. Among U.S. cotton, cotton grades in this region are low-priced and are mainly used for open-end spinning.
Sowing time in southwestern cotton area: South Texas from the end of February to early April; West Texas receiving time from April to June: South Texas from July to September, West Texas from October to December
(3) Central and South Cotton Area:
The cotton production in Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, Mississippi and Louisiana accounts for about 32% of the total production in the United States. 20% of the cotton fields in this cotton area are irrigated areas. Cotton in this area is mainly supplied for domestic consumption. Lord, the export volume is very small. The sowing time in this cotton area is from mid-April to early June every year, and the harvest time is from late September to early December. The Memphis cotton referred to by the trade refers to the cotton in this production area. The price ranks fourth, the average fiber length is higher than 27mm, the micronaire range is 4.0-5.0, the average is 4.6, the strength range is 25-20GPT, the average is 28.6GPT (4) Southeast Cotton Area:
South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Virginia and Florida. The cotton grown in this area accounts for about 24% of the total cotton in the United States. About 20% of the cotton requires irrigation. The cotton grade range in this area is SLM-M, and the average fiber length exceeds 27mm, the micronaire range is 3.8-4.9, with an average of 4.5, and the strength range: 25-30GPT, with an average of 27.7GPT. It is mainly medium and low-grade cotton. It is an area with a developed domestic fabric industry in the United States.
Sowing time in this cotton area: early April to early June each year
Harvest time: late September to early November each year
(5) American long-staple cotton:
American long-staple cotton is mainly Pima cotton Mainly grown in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and California; the annual output of Pima cotton in the United States is about 150,000 tons, and about 90% of Pima cotton exceeds the second-level Pima cotton standard designated by the United States Department of Agriculture. Varieties include S-6 and S-7, of which S-7 is the main variety of long-staple cotton in the United States, with a fiber length of 35mm-38.1mm. The micronaire value is 3.5-4.5, the average fiber strength is 41GPT, the Pima S-6 fiber length is 35mm-36.5mm, the micronaire value is 3.5-4.7, the average fiber strength is 38GPT.
Pima cotton can be used for ring spinning production 60 Cotton yarn with a count or higher; all Pima cotton is processed by a top roller gin. In commercial trade, cash transactions are mainly used, and are little affected by New York futures prices.
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