Basic overview of Australian cotton
Australia is a major cotton-producing country in the eastern part of the southern hemisphere. The cotton harvest season is opposite to that in the northern hemisphere. A large amount of cotton is on the market in April/May every year. The cotton area has a warm to extremely hot climate, no frost all year round, abundant thermal resources, and is suitable for cotton production and development. This is one of the important reasons for the high yield of cotton in Australia. For example, the Queensland cotton area has a suitable growing period of more than 300 days. The average cotton yield per hectare is 1500~1600kg. Since the same variety is planted in a large area and the same production model is adopted, the quality is very consistent, suitable for the needs of the fabric industry, and has strong market competitiveness.
Australia is currently the world’s second largest cotton exporter. Cotton fields are distributed in the upper reaches of the Darling River, spanning New South Wales in the southeast of the Queensland River in the east. New South Wales’s cotton production accounts for 80% of the country’s cotton production, and Queensland’s 20%.
Although Australian cotton production started late, it has a high starting point, and its technological content and mechanization level are among the world’s advanced levels. Therefore, cotton has a high clothing score, which is generally around 41-42% in a normal year: high yield and good benefits. The national average yield is around 1,600 kg/hectare (107 kg/mu), ranking among the best in the world. Among them, the yield level of irrigated land reaches 1700-2270 kg/ha (113-151 kg/mu), and the dry land (or rain-fed land) reaches 1135-1417 kg/ha (76-95 kg/mu). The cost of cotton production per hectare is about A$2,370, equivalent to RMB 980 per mu, and the income from cotton planting per hectare is about A$3,400, equivalent to RMB 1,405 per mu.
Australia’s annual cotton planting area is 500,000 hectares, with a total lint output of 3 million bales. There are only 1,500 cotton farms, with an average farm area of 400 hectares (6,000 acres), which is 2,000 times the average cotton planting area of 3 acres per household in my country. Scale production will bring economies of scale.
The quality of Australian cotton fiber is generally 28-30mm in length, 30-32 in strength, 3.7-4.5 in micronaire, snow-white, good in maturity, machine-picked cotton, and with less three filaments. The grade of Australian cotton is relatively high. Except for American cotton SJV and CA, Australian cotton is good and mainly grade 2. Generally, SM or above accounts for 40%, M~M+ accounts for 50%, SLM~SLM+ accounts for 9%, and SLM or below accounts for 1%.
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