In the context of the implementation of the “dual carbon” strategy, my country’s chemical fiber technology content and The development of functional and intelligent fibernew materials and green bio-based fiber is of great practical significance for my country to move from a big fiber country to a strong fiber country. Zhu Meifang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced in detail the importance of recyclable fiber materials in national strategy, environmental protection and economic development by analyzing the background of the “dual carbon” strategy and the progress of the fiber material industry, and looked forward to the future.
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Green bio-based development has broad prospects
Fiber generally refers to having sufficient fineness (diameter 1000), and having certain flexibility sexual material. Metals, minerals, organisms, and polymers can be considered fibers as long as they meet the above definitions. Zhu Meifang said that the scale of my country’s chemical fiber industry continues to increase. In 2022, my country’s chemical fiber output will be nearly 65 million tons, accounting for >70% of the world’s total. Chemical fiber accounts for about 85% of textile fiber processing volume, and the revenue of the chemical fiber industry exceeds one trillion. , exports exceeded 5 million tons, 4 companies entered the world’s top 500, and more than 30 companies were listed on the market.
Compared with European and American countries, which are the origins of synthetic fibers, in the development China still has broad room for development in terms of functional intelligence and green bio-based materials. Zhu Meifang pointed out that the current application level of energy-saving and low-carbon technology in the chemical fiber industry is weak, and the recycling system needs to be further improved. Its overall goal of high quality development is faced with three major challenges: The bottlenecks are: the ability to secure and stabilize the industrial chain and supply chain, the ability to digitize the industrial chain with knowledge, and the ability to green and sustainably develop chemical fibers. “It is of great practical significance to improve the scientific and technological content of my country’s chemical fiber and move from a large fiber country to a strong fiber country. Green bio-based degradable recycled fiber materials are the mainstream development direction.” She emphasized.
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Green, low-carbon, environmental protection It has become a global trend. In order to meet the needs of green environmental protection and sustainable development, bio-based fiber production technology continues to emerge. Bio-based fiber has been used in clothing, home textiles and industrial textiles Widely used in.
Bio-based fiber refers to the use of Fibers made from living organisms themselves or from their extracts. It is different from polyester fiber, polyamide fiber (nylon/nylon) and poly made of petroleum-based raw materials. The raw materials of synthetic fibers such as acrylonitrile (acrylic fiber) and bio-based fibers are derived from biomass.
Source of bio-based fiber gene raw materials For renewable biomass, compared with petroleum-based raw materials, the carbon reduction effect is more obvious. Therefore, vigorously developing bio-based fibers is of great significance to help reach peak carbon neutrality. Among them, bio-based synthetic fibers are made from natural plants or crops as raw materials. High-purity monomers are prepared through genetic engineering, microbial fermentation, filtration, purification and other processes, and then polymerizedThe overall performance of ��-based carbon nanotube fibers is similar to that of carbon nanotube fibers produced using fine chemicals. The electrical conductivity is higher than that of most commercial carbon fibers. It also has high flexibility, high tensile strength and high conductive properties, which are better than Most biomass-derived carbon-based fiber materials to date.
The development of fiber is not only the people’s livelihood industry, but also related to the country strategy. Zhu Meifang looked forward to China’s new materials and new textile economy in the future, and proposed five major goals: further optimizing the structure of raw materials and reducing the consumption of non-renewable resources; shifting to textile design based on circular economy principles; further improving the resource utilization efficiency of the manufacturing process; innovating Business model, expand green consumption; promote recycling and upgrading of waste textiles.
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As a kind of carbon fiber, it has high strength, corrosion resistance, low density, high modulus and good electrical conductivity. Reinforcement materials have broad application prospects in aerospace, automotive parts, medical devices and other fields.
Currently, 80% of them are on the market The above carbon fiber is prepared from polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which is not only expensive, but also produces a lot of pollution during the preparation process. And because PAN is derived from non-renewable fossil resources, its supply will also follow the fossil demand. The extraction of resources is subject to certain restrictions. Therefore, the development of renewable raw materials to prepare low-cost carbon fibers has become a future development trend. Lignin-based carbon fiber is a carbon fiber material prepared by using lignin as the main raw material instead of traditional petroleum-based polymers. The main preparation process involves lignin pretreatment, spinning solution preparation, electrospinning, pre-oxidation, fiber carbonization, etc.
Compared with PAN-based carbon fiber , lignin-based carbon fiber has the following advantages:
(1) Lignin is widely sourced and low-cost, a renewable resource second only to cellulose in nature. It is widely present in plant matrices. In addition, tens of millions of tons of lignin are produced as by-products of the papermaking industry every year. The raw material of lignin-based carbon fiber is not only low-cost but also “inexhaustible”.
(2) Environmentally friendly and pollution-free The carbon content in lignin is as high as 60%. Alcohol solvents are used to prepare the spinning solution, making spinning more environmentally friendly.
(3) Stronger The physical and chemical properties of lignin contain a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbon benzene ring structure, which allows it to better maintain the original filamentous structure when it is prepared into carbon fibers, thereby obtaining greater tensile strength. It can be seen that compared with traditional PAN-based carbon fiber, lignin-based carbon fiber has certain advantages in raw materials, cost, environmental protection and even performance, and is the first choice for preparing low-cost carbon fiber in the future.
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