Under normal circumstances, ultraviolet transmittance + reflectivity + absorptivity = 100%. Therefore, in order to reduce the damage of ultraviolet rays to the skin, from the perspective of textiles, it is necessary to reduce the amount of ultraviolet rays penetrating through the fabric; that is to say, the more reflection and absorption of ultraviolet rays irradiated on the fabric, the less ultraviolet rays will penetrate the fabric, and the effect of ultraviolet rays on the fabric will be reduced. The better the protective performance, the less damage to the skin.
When ultraviolet light irradiates the fabric, part of it is absorbed, part of it is reflected, and part of it passes through the fabric. The transmitted ultraviolet rays have an impact on the skin.
However, some studies believe that the ultraviolet transmittance of human clothing for outdoor activities must be below 10%. The ultraviolet transmittance of clothing for people whose skin is easily reddened by the sun must be below 5%. For those who are allergic to ultraviolet rays, the ultraviolet transmittance of clothing should be below 5%. The ultraviolet transmittance must be below 1%.
The principle of UV protection is to use UV shielding agents to treat fibers, yarns or fabrics to achieve the purpose of UV protection. The ability of fabrics to protect against UV rays mainly depends on the ability of the plants themselves to shield against UV rays. Influencing factors include: plant tissue structure; fiber raw materials, yarn configuration and fabric color, etc. Therefore, the ability of the fabric itself to shield ultraviolet rays is not enough. Polyester, wool, and silk have strong absorption of light with wavelengths below 300mm, but cotton fabrics are raw materials through which ultraviolet rays can easily pass.
For example, TiO2 (particle diameter 0.02~0.10m) and ultra-fine ZnO (particle diameter 0.01~0.04/zm) have the ability to absorb ultraviolet rays; talc, kaolin, and calcium carbonate have the ability to reflect ultraviolet rays. These materials are usually used in combination . When applying UV shielding agent to fabrics, the shielding agent can be dyed in the same bath, and the UV absorber molecules dissolve inside the fiber like dye molecules; the UV shielding agent can also be fixed on the surface of the fabric through padding or coating. ;
There are two ways to improve the anti-UV effect of textiles. One is to use anti-UV fibers, and the other is to use functional finishing. The former is limited to chemical fibers; the latter has a wide range of applications and simple technology. UV-resistant fabrics can be made in two ways: post-finishing and UV-blocking fibers. The anti-UV fabric obtained after finishing is generally coated with a layer of anti-UV material on the surface of the fabric. UV-blocking fiber is made by adding ceramic powder that reflects and absorbs UV rays into the fiber-forming polymer. Or use microcapsule technology to make macromolecule UV absorbers and combine them with other functions to develop new multifunctional products.
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