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Full analysis of bamboo fiber, bamboo pulp fiber, bamboo fiber, bamboo pulp viscose fiber



近年来,关于竹纤维及其产品的研究和报道越来越多。但是,不同文献对竹纤维、竹原纤维及竹浆纤维的命名规则原理错误,命名方法不合逻辑,导致竹纤维的名称混淆不清。在纺织品的纤维成分标注中,“竹”字大行其道,竹纤维、竹浆纤维、竹子纤维、竹浆粘胶纤维纠缠不清。 </p 其中常见的错误就是将竹浆粕粘胶纤维称为“竹纤维”� In the commercializati…

近年来,关于竹纤维及其产品的研究和报道越来越多。但是,不同文献对竹纤维、竹原纤维及竹浆纤维的命名规则原理错误,命名方法不合逻辑,导致竹纤维的名称混淆不清。在纺织品的纤维成分标注中,“竹”字大行其道,竹纤维、竹浆纤维、竹子纤维、竹浆粘胶纤维纠缠不清。

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其中常见的错误就是将竹浆粕粘胶纤维称为“竹纤维”� In the commercialization process of bamboo pulp viscose fiber, in order to enhance the healthy and ecological image of the product, some merchants packaged bamboo pulp viscose fiber as “a perfect fiber produced using high technology” and claimed that “bamboo fiber” uses It is prepared using an environmentally friendly process and is covered with halos such as “green and environmentally friendly”, “natural antibacterial”, “warm in winter and cool in summer”, and “without any chemical additives”, which seriously misleads consumers. �更有甚者将竹浆粕粘胶纤维称为“除棉、毛、丝、麻以外的第五类天然纤维”,冠以“生态纺织品”的美誉,简直是混淆视听� �此外,还有一些专业人士直接以某个竹浆粕粘胶纤维品牌代称该类纤维(如“×竹纤维”),将商品名与纤维学名混为一谈,极不规范� �</p

1. The origin of bamboo fiber</p

竹子实际是一种常见的禾本科植物,生长快,可再生,3~5年即可成林,的确可以提供稳定的纤维素原料来源。虽然如此,目前业内对用于生产竹浆粕粘胶纤维的竹子的生长条件则知之甚少。目前,市场上所说的竹纤维主要有两种:竹原纤维和再生竹纤维。

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1.1 Bamboo raw fiber</p

竹原纤维是指采用独特的工艺从竹子中直接分离出来的纤维。根据国家标准GB11951—89《纺织品天然纤维术语》的定义,竹原纤维是从竹子茎部取得的韧皮纤维。其实,按照纺织纤维分类学的原理,“竹原纤维”应该叫做“竹纤维”,其指代关系反之亦然。例如,棉纤维、亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维都是这样命名的。假若将竹浆粕粘胶纤维称为“竹纤维”,那么棉浆粕粘胶纤维就该称为“棉纤维”了,如此逻辑,岂不怡笑大方?

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Generally, depending on the spinning system used in the textile factory, the bamboo is sawn into the length required for production, and mechanical and physical methods are used to remove impurities such as lignin, polypentose, bamboo powder, and pectin from the bamboo. Directly extract bamboo fiber from �竹原纤维对其原料的挑选是非常讲究的,通常以3~4年的新竹为原料加工而成� �生产上使用毛竹、苦竹、慈竹、黄竹等居多� �竹原纤维的生产工艺分前期处理工序、分解工序、成形工序和后处理工序等4部分� �竹原纤维为纯天然纤维,纤维性能优异,产品具有特殊的风格,的确具有一定的抑菌保健功效� �</p

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1.2 Regenerated bamboo fiber</p

一切以竹为主要原料经人工手段再造生成的纤维,都应该归于“再生竹纤维”的范畴,例如竹浆粕粘胶纤维,绝不能称为“竹纤维”。再生竹纤维的制备方法主要有粘胶法和溶剂法。

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目前国内生产的再生竹纤维以粘胶法为主。下面主要探讨用粘胶法生产的再生竹纤维。

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In terms of performance and production technology, viscose fibers made from bamboo are essentially the same as viscose fibers made from other raw materials (whether cotton linters or wood). They can be blended or pure. The form is used in textile end products �竹浆粕粘胶纤维是将竹子切片后,采用化学方法将竹片精制成符合纤维生产要求的浆粕,经溶解制备纺丝原液,再经常规工艺得到纤维� �</p

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The traditional viscose method is used to produce regenerated bamboo fiber. The technology is relatively mature, but there are four problems: (1) There are many processes and the production cycle is long; (2) The spinnability of bamboo pulp is inconsistent with the dyeing uniformity of the fiber. Poor, this is related to the uniformity of polymerization degree of raw cellulose; (3) Product properties such as mechanical properties, dry and wet modulus, swelling property,The stretchability and hand feel are poor, not as good as cotton fiber; (4) By-products such as sulfide, ammonia, and zinc salts are discharged during the production process, which seriously pollutes the environment.

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2. Foreign cases of “bamboo fiber” product specifications</p

自市场上出现标注为“竹纤维”的产品以来,其引发的争议不断。消费者可以被蒙蔽一时,不可能被蒙蔽一世,迟早会回归理性。包括欧盟、美国、加拿大等国家和地区都处理过有关“竹纤维”命名与标识的案例,并且出台了相关规定。

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2.1 U.S. Federal Trade Commission</p

日前,对以竹子为原料的再生纤维素纤维制成的产品宣称具有环保性和有益于人体健康,美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)作出了强烈指控。4家服装和纺织品销售商被指控其成分标签“由竹纤维制成”带有欺骗性和虚假宣传嫌疑,因为这些产品的原料实质上是粘胶纤维。被指控的公司错误和不切实际地宣传其纺织服装产品是“绿色”的,生产过程符合环保要求,且终产品保留了竹子的抗菌性、可生物降解性等。该指控还涉及了其他很多纺织品牌及其公司,他们的产品含有以植物为原料的纤维素聚合物,而并非植物纤维本身。

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FTC认为含有竹浆粕粘胶纤维的纺织服装产品应以粘胶进行标示和宣传。他们认为,即使产品使用天然竹子作为纤维素来源生产粘胶,但由于粘胶在生产过程中使用了大量的化学品来溶解竹子,因此粘胶纤维根本不能保留竹子原先的抑菌或抗菌性。用这种纤维制成的服装和纺织品并非采用生态友好型工艺,对环境有较严重的污染。产品废弃后大都采用回收或送至垃圾填埋场进行处理,而这些方法也并不能使产品快速降解。

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2.2加拿大公平竞�Bureau

根据报道,加拿大公平竞争局(The Competition Bureau)正在进行商标规范,以确保纺织品经销商在申请含有“竹”成分的纺织品标签时,可采取适用的《纺织品标签法》(TLA)及施行细则� As more and more textiles claim to use “bamboo”, “bamboo raw fiber” or contain “bamboo pulp fiber” and other raw materials, the Canadian Bureau of Fair Competition reiterates its position: as long as it is made of man-made fibers using bamboo as raw material For textiles, the general fiber name must be as stipulated in the Textile Labeling and Advertising Regulations (TLAR). The label ingredients must first indicate “man-made cellulose fiber (rayon)” or the corresponding chemical processing and production process, and then continue Indicate “from bamboo” �</p

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根据TLA和TLAR,竹子在纺织纤维的应用中,是一种不能被接受的通用名称,除非竹纤维来自被机械加工过的天然竹原纤维,类似将亚麻制作成亚麻类织物的加工过程。正确的通用名称因被使用的特定纤维素加工过程而有所不同。

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3 Conclusion</p

诚然,纤维名称加上一个“竹”字后,产品形象会大大提升,市场推广也会随之变得事半功倍,但也在一定程度上反映出竹浆粕粘胶纤维行业的混乱� �为了保障消费者的权益,促进行业健康有序的发展,对于以竹为原料的纤维及其制品的规范化和标准化命名势在必行�

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