The development status of water-based flame retardant coating glue for fabrics
Domestic companies currently engaged in water-based fire-retardant PU coating adhesives for fabrics include additive manufacturers and university research institutes that mainly produce fabric emulsions and adhesives, as well as manufacturers that mainly produce fire-retardant agents. The research on water-based fireproof PU coating adhesives for fabrics is very inconsistent with new developments in the field of fire protection. Academic hot spots such as environmentally friendly halogen-free fireproofing, nano-fireproofing, polymerized fireproofing, and expansion fireproofing are rarely introduced into the research and development of water-based fireproofing PU coating adhesives. middle. Specifically, the current water-based fireproof PU coating glue mainly includes the following categories:
(1) Halogen phosphorus fireproof glue
Using halogenated phosphate as the main fire retardant and adding various synergists and fire retardants, water-based fire retardant PU coating glue can also be prepared. Generally, the fabrics made from this type of fire-retardant adhesive have a soft feel, small color difference, are slightly sticky, and are easy to migrate.
(2) Bromine antimony type fire retardant glue
Brome antimony type fire retardant adhesive is a mature, cost-effective and widely used product. Immediately, the use of decabromodiphenyl ether was restricted, and hexabromocyclododecane was restricted by REACH and Japan. However, the industry quickly launched decabromodiphenyl ethane, allowing brominated antimony-based products to occupy a large market share. The main problem with brominated antimony-based fire retardant adhesives is environmental protection hazards. For example, heavy metals such as arsenic and lead in antimony trioxide easily exceed standards. At the same time, the fire protection industry has also introduced many synergists to replace antimony trioxide. Bromine antimony type fire retardant glue is effective on light and heavy fabrics in the vertical burning test, but has a great impact on the feel, color and style of light and thin fabrics. For soft chairs and sofa fabrics tested according to the BS5852 standard, the general bromine antimony type fire retardant adhesive is not ideal.
(3) Halogen-free phosphorus-containing organic fireproof adhesive
There are many halogen-free and phosphorus-containing organic fire retardants, such as RDP, BDP, XDP, CU and other products, as well as a large number of various macrocyclic or double spirocyclic phosphides and cyclic phosphates in the experimental synthesis stage. This type of halogen-free, phosphorus-containing organic fire-retardant adhesive has better effects in some fire protection fields and has a strong condensed phase carbonization effect. However, the preparation of fire-retardant adhesive is slightly more difficult, and the water resistance of PU-coated fabrics still needs to be improved.
(4) Phosphorus nitrogen type fire retardant glue
Phosphorus-nitrogen fire retardants are relatively popular, including inorganic APP/MPP/MP, etc., and organic phosphorus-nitrogen fire retardants. This type of fireproof PU coating glue has slightly weaker gas-phase fireproofing activity, the fireproof test results are more random, and the fireproof durability needs to be improved. There is a need to introduce and develop synergists and cross-linkers with good performance.
(5) Inorganic fireproof adhesive
Inorganic hydroxides (MH/ATH/LDH), zinc borate, borax, zinc oxide, silica, etc. can be used as fire retardants, but appropriate and efficient synergists must be added. In some special applications, Can play a fire protection role. Inorganic fire retardants are non-toxic, environmentally friendly and low-priced, but are usually used as auxiliary components of other fire retardants, and there is huge room for growth in the future.
(6) Intrinsic fireproof glue
Water-based fireproof polymer PU/PA is directly synthesized through fireproof monomers and raw materials. This type of fire-retardant adhesive is durable fire-retardant and has a lot of room for growth in the future.
(7) Mixed fireproof glue (with various fireproof elements)
In response to increasingly stringent and detailed fire protection standards, it is now popular to combine gas phase and condensed phase fire protection mechanisms, and various fire protection ingredients are blended into the same product. At present, what this type of products urgently needs is theoretical guidance and intellectual support from the academic community. At present, many fireproof adhesives are developed mainly for fireproofing. The color, feel, fastness, hydrostatic pressure resistance and strength of the fabric are more or less affected.
At present, the development and application of water-based fireproof PU coating adhesives emphasize performance over environmental protection, American standards over European standards, results over process, fire prevention over smoke suppression, short-term over long-term effects, immediate over long-term, The short-sighted behavior of emphasizing cost over quality and formula over mechanism has led some manufacturers to even return to the path of solvent-based fire-retardant adhesives. The development of water-based fire-retardant adhesives still needs to bear a heavy burden. 5. Research progress of water-based fireproof PU coating glue for fabrics. For the development of water-based fireproof PU coating glue for fabrics, the author believes that the following aspects are worthy of efforts and expectations:
(1) Research on the fire protection development of fabrics for soft chairs, seats and sofas, and pass the BS5852 standard to open up the European and American markets.
(2) Environmentally friendly intumescent fire retardant agents are used in fabric PU coatings. There is still room for improvement in the fire retardant effect of environmentally friendly intumescent fire retardant agents on fabrics. What is needed in the future is for fire retardant agent manufacturers to continue to make breakthroughs in the polymerization and coating modification of fire retardant agents, so that the hydrophilicity of the fire retardant agent can be reduced and the adhesive can be The binding force is improved, and PU coating developers need to synthesize and modify suitable high molecular weight adhesives and cross-linking agents to improve the water resistance and washability of environmentally friendly intumescent fireproof PU coated fabrics
(3) Explore water-based fireproof PU coating glue suitable for mattresses. The U.S. mattress fireproof market has a particularly large capacity. In order to accumulate or make breakthroughs in this area in the future, the evaluation and testing system needs to be established first, and exchanges and cooperation must be strengthened in the research and development of fireproof PU coatings.
(4) The anti-ultraviolet and anti-aging properties of fire-resistant PU coated fabrics have been greatly improved. For the cotton tent market (CPAI84 standard) and curtain market, it is necessary to develop anti-UV and anti-aging water-based fireproof PU coating glue.
(5) Establish a suitable fireproof PU coating product system and database for blended chemical fiber fabrics. Blended chemical fiber fabrics such as polyester-cotton fabrics are generally considered to be more difficult to fireproof. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, in the BS5852 test, the cotton support effect of heavy polyester-cotton fabrics blocks fabric droplets and breaks large holes.And it is helpful for the test to pass. Relevant product libraries and databases need to be built quickly.
(6) New fire-proof technology, modified finishing and dyeing and finishing processes introduce fabric PU coating to innovate fire-proof PU coating technology. For example, borrowing from the dye industry, a process similar to dye-dyed fibers is designed to bind the fire retardant directly to the crystalline areas of the fiber or adhesive.
(7) The synthesis and application of trace synergists continue. Domestic scholars have done a lot of research in this area. If a mechanism breakthrough and industrialization are successful in the future, it will also be of great benefit to the research and development of water-based fireproof PU coatings.
(8) The synthesis research and industrialization process of various new environmentally friendly halogen-free macromolecule fire retardants are accelerating, and water-based fire retardant PU coating adhesives are welcoming more efficient special materials.
(9) Substitution and upgrading of brominated antimony products to achieve environmental protection. Through upstream and downstream efforts, we will gradually realize the replacement of decabromodiphenyl ether with decabromodiphenyl ethane and the replacement of toxic heavy metal antimony powder with high-purity environmentally friendly antimony trioxide, achieving the basic environmental protection of products
Water-based fireproof PU coating glue has been well applied in the field of fabrics, but there are still many areas with huge potential. If the upstream and downstream fire protection industry, academia and research circles work together to target different fabrics, different testing methods and evaluation standards, it is expected to develop a wide variety of environmentally friendly water-based fire-retardant PU coating products in the future.
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