What exactly is happening with fabric shrinkage?
1 . Shrinkage of fabric
Fabric shrinkage It refers to the percentage of fabric shrinkage after the fabric is washed or soaked in water. Generally speaking, the fabrics with the smallest shrinkage are synthetic fibers and their blended chemical fiber fabrics, followed by wool fabrics and linen fabrics. Cotton fabrics are in the middle and shrink more, while the larger ones are viscose fiber, artificial cotton, and artificial wool fabrics.
Shrinkage of general fabrics Rate:
Cotton 4%- -10%; chemical fiber 4%–8%; cotton polyester 3.5%–5 5%; natural white cloth 3%; wool blue cloth 3-4%; poplin 3-4.5%; floral cloth 3% 3-3.5%; khaki gabardine is 4-5.5; twill is 4%; gusset is 3-4%; denim is 10%; rayon is 10%.
2 ． Factors causing fabric shrinkage:
① Fabric raw materials Different, the shrinkage rate is different. Generally speaking, fibers with high hygroscopicity will expand when soaked in water, increase in diameter, shorten in length, and have a large shrinkage rate. For example, the water absorption rate of some viscose fibers is as high as 13%, while synthetic fiber fabrics have poor hygroscopicity and their shrinkage rate is small.
② Density of fabric Different, the shrinkage rate is also different. If the longitudinal and latitudinal densities are similar, the longitudinal and latitudinal shrinkage rates are also similar. Fabrics with a high warp density will have a large shrinkage in the warp direction; conversely, fabrics with a greater weft density than warp density will have a large shrinkage in the weft direction.
③ Fabric yarn The count and thickness are different, and the shrinkage rate is also different. Fabrics with coarse yarn counts will have a greater shrinkage rate, while fabrics with fine yarn counts will have a smaller shrinkage rate.
④ The fabric production process is different, and the shrinkage rate is also different. Generally speaking, during the weaving, dyeing and finishing process of fabrics, the fibers have to be stretched many times, and the finishing time is long. The shrinkage of fabrics with greater tension will be greater, and vice versa.
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