Smart textiles are undoubtedly an important feature of future textile development and will become part of people’s daily lives. They represent a wide variety of fabrics and garments. Its intelligence comes from the special ingredients added to the fabric. These ingredients can be electronic devices, specially constructed polymers or even colorants.
Many textiles are designed to compensate for adverse conditions in the environment and thereby provide better protection. For example, there are many innovative fabrics that provide additional adjustment in hot or cold conditions. Other types of smart textiles include electronic devices that are widely used for convenience or security purposes. These textiles are playing an increasingly important role in the fashion industry.
Broadly speaking, smart textiles refer to highly intelligent textiles that are comprehensively developed using multidisciplinary knowledge such as textiles, electronics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. Based on the concept of bionics, smart textiles can simulate living systems and have both perception and response capabilities. Function. Smart textiles in a narrow sense refer to electronic information smart textiles. It integrates microelectronics, information, computer and other technologies into textiles.
Smart textiles are mainly divided into the following categories:
1. Intelligent temperature-regulating textiles
Phase change materials are a type of material that can absorb or release potential heat from the environment by relying on its own reversible phase change within a certain temperature range. Using this characteristic of phase change materials, temperature-regulating textiles with intelligent temperature control and health care properties can be developed.
This type of smart textiles can freely adjust the internal temperature of the textile within a certain temperature range according to changes in the external environmental temperature. That is, when the external ambient temperature rises, the phase change material absorbs heat, melts, and stores heat; when the external ambient temperature drops. Phase change materials exothermally condense and release heat to keep the internal temperature of the textile relatively stable. This characteristic makes it have wide application value.
2. Shape memory textiles
Shape memory textiles are materials with shape memory functions that are introduced into textiles through weaving or finishing. Textiles with excellent properties such as shape memory, high deformation recovery, good earthquake resistance and adaptability under external conditions such as temperature, mechanical force, light, pH value, etc.
For example, the Italian company Corpo Nove designed a “lazy shirt.” Nickel, titanium and nylon fibers are added to the shirt fabric to give it “shape memory function” properties. When the outside temperature is high, the sleeves of the shirt will automatically roll up from the wrist to the elbow in a few seconds; when the temperature drops, the sleeves can automatically recover. Shape memory fabrics can be developed into protective clothing and decorations with different functions. With the in-depth research on shape memory materials and the further improvement of textile processing technology, shape memory functional textiles will receive greater development.
3. Waterproof and breathable textiles
Waterproof and breathable fabrics are also called waterproof and breathable fabrics, and are also called “breathable fabrics” abroad. It is a functional fabric that integrates waterproof, breathable, windproof and warm properties. This kind of fabric can not only meet the wearing needs of people during activities in harsh environments such as severe cold, rain, snow, and windy weather. It is also suitable for people’s daily life requirements for raincoats, etc., and has broad development prospects.
Waterproof and moisture-permeable fabrics can be obtained in the following ways: weaving water-responsive polymers into fabrics in the form of fibers; coating waterproof and moisture-permeable polymers such as neoprene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, etc. Arranged on the surface of the fabric in layers; various waterproof, breathable and ultra-high-density fabrics made of microfiber. In addition, research on preparing waterproof and breathable fabrics by magnetron sputtering and using nanotechnology to increase the waterproofness of fabrics is also ongoing.
4. Color-changing textiles
Color-changing textiles refer to textiles that can display different colors according to changes in external environmental conditions (such as light, temperature, pressure, etc.). Color-changing textiles are widely used in various fields due to their unique properties. For civilian use, it can be used to make fashionable color-changing clothing and ever-changing decorative fabrics. For military use, it can be used for military camouflage. In the anti-counterfeiting field, it can be used as anti-counterfeiting materials and is widely used in bills, documents, trademarks, etc.
Color-changing textiles can be obtained by the following three methods: adding color-changing fibers to fabrics; dyeing with color-changing dyes; and printing with color-changing paints. Among the three methods, the research and development of color-changing fiber technology is slightly later, but its advantages are outstanding. Fabrics made of it have good hand feel, good washing resistance, and long-lasting discoloration effect.
5. Electronic information smart textiles
Electronic information smart textiles are an important part of smart textiles. At first, it mainly installed some electronic components on textiles, such as “wearable computers”, which were mainly used in important testing fields such as medical, military and aviation.
With the continuous development of the interdisciplinary fields of electronic information technology and smart textiles. Electronic information smart textiles are developing rapidly, from the original military and aviation fields to the daily life field.Expansion brings more convenience to people’s lives.
Conclusion:
The design and development of smart textiles allow people to see the hope and future of the textile industry. In the future, more fashionable and personalized smart textiles will appear in our lives, bringing us more convenience, constantly meeting our growing demand for textiles, and adding a colorful touch to our beautiful lives.
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