Textile appearance inspection focuses on several aspects
1 Regulations and standards for appearance inspection
According to the provisions of the “National Standard Catalog of the People’s Republic of China”, the appearance inspection of fabric products includes more than 20 types of fibers, spinning yarns, fabrics, finished work clothes, etc. Among them, the inspection content of fiber products mainly includes: The maturity of cotton fiber, the fineness of fiber, the identification and inspection methods of fiber morphological characteristics; the inspection content of spinning yarn mainly includes: the classification of spinning yarn defects, the measurement and identification of spinning yarn hairiness, and the evaluation of natural cotton yarn Methods for experimental inspection of cotton yarns, pure chemical fiber yarns and blended chemical fiber fabrics; the inspection content of fabrics mainly includes: fabric wrinkle grade assessment, fabric drape performance test, fabric pilling Inspection of degree, structural analysis method of woven fabrics, determination method of color and color difference of woven fabrics, determination of length, width and density of woven fabrics, determination of finish of woven fabrics, fabric snag test method, determination of fabric surface moisture resistance Methods, experimental methods for natural cotton fabrics, classification of printed and dyed cotton fabrics; the inspection content of finished work clothes mainly includes: whether there are defects in the surface appearance of work clothes, assessment of seam level on the surface of work clothes, appearance and dimensional changes of hot-melt adhesive interlining after dry cleaning Determination of cotton knitted underwear and polyacrylonitrile fiber knitted underwear surface defect evaluation regulations, etc.
2Contents of appearance inspection of fabric products
There are many regulations on the appearance quality inspection of fabrics, but the focus is mainly on a few aspects: inspection of raw material quality, inspection of weaving quality, inspection of pre-processing procedures and inspection of coloring quality .
2.1 Inspection of raw material quality
The quality problems of raw materials include: the texture of the raw materials is uneven, there are obvious fat and thin yarns, big belly yarns, the presence of yarn knots and foreign fibers, poor network yarns, too many joints of the raw materials, blended chemical fiber fabric yarns Uneven mixing, unqualified quality of spandex-coated yarn, etc. Most of these problems are caused by not placing the finished product appearance quality inspection in an important position when confirming the pieces and cylinder samples. At the same time, the color of some raw materials also makes defects difficult to identify and detect. Therefore, patience and meticulousness are the key to the inspection process. When necessary, advanced equipment and instruments must also be used to improve the efficiency and perfection of inspections.
(2) Inspection of weaving quality
There are many reasons for weaving problems, including problems with the equipment itself, problems with the weaving technology, the quality of the raw materials of the fabric, the organizational structure of the fabric, the temperature and humidity of the weaving environment, the technical level of the equipment operator, and the weaving technology. Errors and omissions in the process, etc. Taking woven fabrics as an example, there are broken warp and weft, wrong warp and wrong weft, shrinkage and weft shrinkage, parking marks, weft stalls, joints, misalignment of weft yarns or weft yarns, too dense or too thin weft density, loose edges, and rolled fabrics. Loose shafts, too narrow door width on the machine, and incorrect organizational structure are all common defects in weaving. Some of these weaving problems and flaws can be repaired, while others cannot. Weaving problems that can be repaired need to be repaired. For weaving problems that cannot be repaired, methods such as hanging threads, cutting and piecing can be used to reduce the impact of weaving problems on the fabric. For some serious and obvious weaving defects, measures must be taken. Cutting processing.
(3) Inspection of pre-processing procedures
In the pre-treatment process, different types of fabrics often have different problems. For example, for Cotton or polyester-cotton bleached fabrics, whether the whiteness is qualified is the key point in the inspection; for polyester high-twist fabrics, whether the strength after alkali reduction finishing is qualified is the key point in the inspection; and for burnout, For finished polyester-cotton products, bioenzyme polished brushed cotton fabrics and lyocell fabrics, whether strong damage will occur is the focus of the inspection. In some cases, problems in the pre-treatment process are difficult to detect during the sorting and inspection process. For example, if the polyester weight-reduction fabric is not clean after weight reduction, some yellow spots will appear on the surface of the fabric after coloring; if cotton fabric is not desized cleanly, some “sizing” will be produced on the surface of the fabric after coloring. “head marks”; if the fabric is not cooked cleanly, some cotton seed hulls, etc. will remain on the surface of the fabric. These problems are usually difficult to detect. If the inspector lacks relevant experience, they may regard these problems as color defects or other problems and fail to deal with them in time.
(4) Inspection of coloring quality
During the appearance inspection process of fabric products, coloring problems are relatively easy to identify. Color spots, stains, and stains are relatively common coloring defects. During the inspection process, they must be marked promptly and clearly, and handled appropriately in accordance with the inspection standards. During the coloring process, sometimes the fabric is blocked or broken due to some reasons. In particular, the blockage will cause obvious marks and spots on the surface of the fabric, which are difficult to repair. There are many reasons for this kind of problem. Sometimes it is due to the raw material of the fabric is very different, there is a problem with the water temperature in the coloring process, the cold water is added too fast during the cooling process, or the dehydration time in the dehydration process is too long. As an inspector, you must pay great attention to such problems and promptly detect similar problems and defects.Mark and report, summarize the characteristics of this type of problem and analyze the cause of the problem, and make decisions about repair and treatment based on the seriousness of the problem.
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